| India: Water and Sanitation | ||
|---|---|---|
 | ||
| Data | ||
| Access to improved source of water (broad definition) | 84% | |
| Access to improved sanitation (broad definition) | 62% | |
| Continuity of supply (%) | 0% | |
| Average urban water use (liter/capita/day) | 135[1][2] | |
| Average urban water and sewer bill for 20m3 | US$ 0.90 (unmetered) US$ 0.60 (metered) | |
| Share of household metering | 50-63% | |
| Share of collected wastewater treated | 30% (2003) | |
| Annual investment in water supply and sanitation | US$ 3 / capita | |
| Share of self-financing by utilities | nil | |
| Share of tax-financing | high | |
| Share of external financing | low | |
| Institutions | ||
| Decentralization to municipalities | Partial | |
| National water and sanitation company | No | |
| Water and sanitation regulator | No | |
| Responsibility for policy setting | Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation; Ministry of Rural Development | |
| Sector law | No | |
| Number of urban service providers | 3,255 (1991) | |
| Number of rural service providers | ||
“As a species we have lived in wild nature for hundreds of thousands of years, and now suddenly most of us live in cities—the ultimate escape from nature,” says Peter Kareiva, chief scientist at The Nature Conservancy and co-author of the report. “If we do not learn to build, expand and design our cities with a respect for nature, we will have no nature left anywhere.” The study, “The implications of current and future urbanization for global protected areas and biodiversity conservation,” was published in the current issue of Biological Conservation and is the first-ever global analysis of how urbanization will affect rare species, natural resources and protected areas in proximity to cities. In 2007, the United Nations revealed that at least 50 percent of the world’s population is living in cities. By 2030, that number will jump to 60 percent, with nearly 2 billion new city residents, many migrating from rural areas. According to the report, humans are building the equivalent of a
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